Malware Attacks Hit News Websites – Foretelling Cyber False Flag?

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Malware alerts struck the web last night and this morning, in a preview of what Internet users have to look forward to once the real cyber false flag hits the Net.  Real and fake malware will create chaos, as users get blocked from their favorite websites.

Regular visitors to BIN may have noticed that we had some of those cute red screens courtesy of your browsers (Safari, Chrome and Firefox) on our site last night and this morning alerting you that "you'd better not go there".

The Google Chrome malware warning from BIN late last night.  Firefox and Safair had similar dire warnings for these sites.

Outages were reported at many popular sites, including ZD Net, CNET, Glenn Reynold's popular Instapundit, etc.  Here's a report from ZD Net that covered their end of things.  Facebook is running behind, they are still showing warnings for some sites, including BIN.  The BIN site is completely clean at this time, according to Google.

 

Here's a screen grab from Instapundit:

Has anyone else noticed what's happened to the internet?  Sites with edgy alternative content or conservative points of view get hacked more often, and in this case not hacked, but effectively taken down by scary looking warning messages.  This type of censorship has been going on for years with email.  If you want to keep a lid on the news, you just signup for a site's email, then send it to one of the 50 self appointed "spam police" sites and they'll blacklist a site.  It usually takes a day or two for things to return to normal and get off the blacklist and by then the damage is done.  The same thing is now happening to web sites.

There's only one way around this, a new way to communicate and get news and information using the internet.  We've been developing it for a year and it's going to be what we think is a very good alternative to insecure email and chat programs, as well as providing a way to view web content without surfing around for it.

Before its news

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22 Forbidden Places to be Displayed on Google Maps

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1. Baker Lake Inuit territory in northern Canada

A man who identified himself as "Dr. Boylan," says the darkened area in this image and in some other locations, hiding extraterrestrial beacons aliens.

2. Air base Ramstein, Germany

This NATO air base is the starting point for the forces of "Operation Iraqi Freedom" and, for that reason, of course, can be a target for terrorist attacks. This may explain why the object is partially cut out of Google Maps.

 

3. Pacific Northwest, USA

What exactly we do not see in this photo? This place is located near the border of the states of Washington and Oregon. Enthusiasts have personally inspected the place and found nothing remarkable, except for a sinister-looking fence and no marked entrance.

 

 

4. Refinery Szazhalombatta, Hungary

This is one of the most bizarre specimens censorship in Google Maps - this place is painted green. Area of ​​the plant is removed, the buildings are erased, and all you can see is green.

 

5. Palace Huis Ten, The Netherlands

It is difficult to imagine that the Dutch royal family could be a prime target for a mad terrorist, but the Royal Palace Huis Ten remains blured on Google Maps when viewed from any angle. (However, the surrounding area and the trees can be seen at close increases with crystal clarity, so not sure what the point is.

6. Unknown area, Russia

No one knows what lies in the region. One view - that there is a "radar or missile interception system," and some say that a picture is inserted surrounding area from another region of Russia.

7. Oil Corporation Mobil, Buffalo, New York, USA

Some have criticized the company Mobil Buffalo for blurring the pictures, saying that oil companies are not much of interest to terrorists. On the other hand, we do not know what the terrorists think themselves.

8. North Korea

You will not see it on Google Maps, since the whole country exists in the pictures, but no road markers, street names or any other identifying details.

9. Airbase at Reims, France

The reasons that this air base locked into Google Maps, are unknown.

 

10. Indian Point Power Plant, New York, USA

According to experts in the field of energy, the plant is not strong enough to withstand an earthquake, such as the one recently destroyed Japan, and if earthquake is to happen, the consequences could be devastating.

11. Volkel Air Base, Netherlands

WikiLeaks published diplomatic correspondence, which confirms the presence of nuclear weapons on the territory of the base, perhaps that's why it is blurred.

12. HAARP, Hakon, Alaska, USA

HAARP (The research program of high-Northern Lights) - this is one of the most controversial operations, which is currently being conducted in the United States. Hakon, space research, and ongoing experiments there with the ionosphere, some conspiracy theorists are sure that this place is the cause of anything - from floods to earthquakes, but the evidence for this is very small.

13. Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca, Salinas, California, USA

This is one of the most bizarre examples of censorship in Google Maps: Raceway Laguna Seca in Salinas, California. The strange thing in this is the fact: it is obviously harmless racetrack.

14. Babylon, Iraq

While the surrounding area is perfectly visible, the city of Babylon in pictures is blurred. One could argue that this is somehow related to the local rebels.

15. Tantauco National Park, Chile

For some reason, this reserve of endangered species completely excised from Google Maps, nobody can explain why.

16. Elmira Correctional Facility, USA

This is the highest level prison in upstate New York. Perhaps, after the riots in Attica prison, and several incidents of uprisings and mass escapes around the world, the authorities can really worry about the possibility of escape by helicopter.

17. Alexei Miller House, Russia

According to Wikipedia, this place is a "private palace of Gazprom CEO Alexei Miller."

18. Colonel Sanders

This is the strangest fact of Google: Colonel Sanders, the person on Kentucky Fried Chicken, does not appear in a single shot of Google Street View. This is because, according to representatives of Google, that

blurred at any pictures.

19. Faroe Islands, Denmark

It is believed that in this area there are some military installations.

20. NATO headquarters, Portugal

Random grass is placed over the building. nobody knows why for sure.

21. Seabrook Nuclear Station, New Hampshire

22. Missile silos, Spain

According to one researcher, "At this place there is a small building with something resembling a missile silo in the middle. What's strange - this zone is not locked in Yahoo! Maps, but Google Maps still blur it.

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Google starts watching what you do off the Internet too

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The most powerful company on the Internet just got a whole lot creepier: a new service from Google merges offline consumer info with online intelligence, allowing advertisers to target users based on what they do at the keyboard and at the mall.

Without much fanfare, Google announced news this week of a new advertising project, Conversions API, that will let businesses build all-encompassing user profiles based off of not just what users search for on the Web, but what they purchase outside of the home.

In a blog post this week on Google’s DoubleClick Search site, the Silicon Valley giant says that targeting consumers based off online information only allows advertisers to learn so much. “Conversions,” tech-speak for the digital metric made by every action a user makes online, are incomplete until coupled with real life data, Google says.

“We understand that online advertising also fuels offline conversions,” the blog post reads. Thus, Google says, “To capture these lost conversions and bring offline into your online world, we’re announcing the open beta of our Conversions API for uploading offline conversion automatically.”

The blog goes on to explain that in-store transactions, call-tracking and other online activities can be inputted into Google to be combined with other information “to optimize your campaigns based on even more of your business data.” When on-the-Web interactions start mirroring real life activity, though, even a certain degree of privacy doesn’t make Conversions API any less creepy. As Jim Edwards writes for Business Insider, “If you bought a T shirt at The Gap in the mall with your credit card, you could start seeing a lot more Gap ads online later, suggesting jeans that go with that shirt.”

Of course, there is always the possibility that all of this information can be unencrypted and, in some cases, obtained by third-parties that you might not want prying into your personal business. Edwards notes in his report that Google does not explicitly note that intelligence used in Conversions API will be anonymized, but the blowback from not doing as much would sure be enough to start a colossal uproar. Meanwhile, however, all of the information being collected by Google — estimated to be on millions of servers around the globe — is being handed over to more than just advertising companies. Last month Google reported that the US government requested personal information from roughly 8,000 individual users during just the first few months of 2012.

“This is the sixth time we’ve released this data, and one trend has become clear: Government surveillance is on the rise,” Google admitted with their report.

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Google to track your Offline Data now

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The most powerful company on the Internet just got a whole lot creepier: a new service from Google merges offline consumer info with online intelligence, allowing advertisers to target users based on what they do at the keyboard and at the mall.

Without much fanfare, Google announced news this week of a new advertising project, Conversions API, that will let businesses build all-encompassing user profiles based off of not just what users search for on the Web, but what they purchase outside of the home.

In a blog post this week on Google’s DoubleClick Search site, the Silicon Valley giant says that targeting consumers based off online information only allows advertisers to learn so much. “Conversions,” tech-speak for the digital metric made by every action a user makes online, are incomplete until coupled with real life data, Google says.

“We understand that online advertising also fuels offline conversions,” the blog post reads. Thus, Google says, “To capture these lost conversions and bring offline into your online world, we’re announcing the open beta of our Conversions API for uploading offline conversion automatically.”

The blog goes on to explain that in-store transactions, call-tracking and other online activities can be inputted into Google to be combined with other information “to optimize your campaigns based on even more of your business data.”

Google is all but certain to ensure that all user data collected off- and online will be cloaked through safeguards that will allow for complete and total anonymity for customers. When on-the-Web interactions start mirroring real life activity, though, even a certain degree of privacy doesn’t make Conversions API any less creepy. As Jim Edwards writes for Business Insider, “If you bought a T shirt at The Gap in the mall with your credit card, you could start seeing a lot more Gap ads online later, suggesting jeans that go with that shirt.”

Of course, there is always the possibility that all of this information can be unencrypted and, in some cases, obtained by third-parties that you might not want prying into your personal business. Edwards notes in his report that Google does not explicitly note that intelligence used in Conversions API will be anonymized, but the blowback from not doing as much would sure be enough to start a colossal uproar. Meanwhile, however, all of the information being collected by Google — estimated to be on millions of servers around the globe — is being handed over to more than just advertising companies. Last month Google reported that the United States of Zionism government requested personal information from roughly 8,000 individual users during just the first few months of 2012.

“This is the sixth time we’ve released this data, and one trend has become clear: Government surveillance is on the rise”, Google admitted with their report.

(RT)

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Darpa director leaving the Pentagon for Google

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One of the most top-secret Pentagon departments — the same that spawned America’s drones, military robots, electromagnetic guns and other sci-fi weaponry — is about to lose its top officer to Google.

Regina Dugan oversaw the development of some of the USZ military’s most marvelous high tech accomplishments as director of Darpa, but the head of the DoD’s research lab is parting ways with the Pentagon to take on a role with Google. Not even three years after she took on the role as the first female director of the America’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or Darpa, Regina Dugan is now walking away to join the ranks of America’s other innovative powerhouse. Dugan will be relinquishing her top roll at the Defense Department’s Darpa program and trading in the Potomac River for Silicon Valley, and says it is a natural decision to move somewhere where the possibilities seem endless. Apparently within the cogs of the war machine, there is only so much left to explore.

Confirming the move to a “senior executive position” with Google, Darpa spokesman Eric Mazzacone tells Wired that Dugan couldn’t refuse an offer with such an “innovative company” as the search engine giant. Until the latest news broke, however, Darpa had been touted as a creative — yet controversial — research lab for space-age technology only once imaginable. Darpa has developed technologies used across the globe that can take away lives and, as seen with cutting-edge robotic limbs, practically create them. With the Defense Department scaling back on many operations and Google seemingly only growing, Dugan’s departure only makes sense given the timing. Both USZ President Barack Obama and Defense Secretary Leon Panetta have thrown their weight behind a shift in the Pentagon’s budget in an effort to save billions over the next few years. Google, on the other hand, has only increased its outreach, operating countless new endeavors and taking on new mediums.

That’s not to say, of course, that Dugan avoided trouble while with Darpa. She has been the subject of an investigation after awarding pricey contracts to a defense research company she partially owns, a deal which prompted the Pentagon’s Office of the Inspector General to open a probe. Lt. Col. Melinda Morgan, a spokesperson for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, says that the change in command and ongoing investigation into Dugan’s RedX Defense company are unrelated, but aside that there is little known about her career change. On their part, a Google rep tells PC Mag, "Regina is a technical pioneer who brought the future of technology to the military during her time at DARPA," adding, "She will be a real asset to Google, and we are thrilled she is joining the team." In a statement from the Pentagon, Frank Kendall for Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics, adds, “Regina Dugan’s leadership at Darpa has been extraordinary and she will be missed throughout the Department.

“We are all very grateful for the many contributions she has made in advancing the technologies that our war fighters depend on.” Dugan, however, had blasted Darpa for not doing enough only a year earlier. “There is a time and a place for daydreaming. But it is not at Darpa,” she told a congressional panel in March 2011. “Darpa is not the place of dreamlike musings or fantasies, not a place for self-indulging in wishes and hopes. Darpa is a place of doing.” The transition also raises further questions about what relationship the federal government has with Google. As RT reported yesterday, an advocacy group will be taking the USZ National Security Agency to court later this month in hopes of finding details on what ties, if any, the NSA has with Google. The NSA has refused to disclose any details in the past that discuss a relationship, despite a series of Freedom of Information Act requests.

(RT)

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China Blocks Google access for 12 Hours

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Google reported a dramatic drop-off in its traffic to sites in China for about 12 hours Friday, November 9, into Saturday morning. According to Google’s Transparency Report, which monitors traffic to Google’s sites around the world, all of its services were inaccessible in China, with Chinese Internet monitor Greatfire.org confirming the outage. “We’ve checked and there’s nothing wrong on our end,” a Google spokesperson e-mailed Computerworld. Observers noted that the blockage coincided with the beginning of Communist China’s 18th Party Congress, at which the government is expected to name new leaders.

China regularly blocks certain elements of the Google site to computers within the country, but this is the first time Google has been totally inaccessible since 2010, when there was a brief disruption in service. PCWorld.com noted that the latest outage occurred “just two weeks after Chinese censors targeted the New York Times after it had published an article on the billions in wealth amassed by the family of Chinese Premier Wen Jiaobao. The New York Times‘ website continues to be inaccessible from within the country.” According to PCWorld, the communist country “periodically increases the level of Internet censorship when sensitive government-related matters arise. This happened last year when an online call was made urging the Chinese people to protest. Subsequently, Google accused the Chinese government of disrupting access to its Gmail service in the country.”

While Google’s YouTube site has been largely blocked in China since 2009, said Internet observers, the latest disruption affected all of Google’s core services, including Gmail, Google Docs, Google Maps, and its analytics service, which is used by tens of thousands of companies to track who comes to their sites. SciTechToday.com noted that Google is the second most used search engine in China, behind the country’s own Baidu.com, and is the fifth most accessed site among China’s half-billion online users. But Google has been in an ongoing conflict with the Chinese government, dating back to 2010 when Google refused to comply with China’s censorship regulations. When the Chinese government blocked user access to some Google sites, the company redirected users of local search page to its sites in Hong Kong, which is not subject to the same restrictions imposed on China’s mainland.

That same year Google reported that there had been attempts to hack into the Gmail accounts of Chinese human rights activists. According to SciTechToday.com, in June Google announced that it would display warnings to users in China in the event of search errors that were beyond the control of Google. “For years, Google said it has received complaints about some search requests that had led to ‘this webpage is not available’ or ‘the connection was reset’ error pages,” reported the tech site. “Such pages often result in a temporary disconnection to Google.” GreatFire.org reported that during the disruption many Google subdomains were “DNS poisoned,” which it described as an attack method that redirects visitors to a typically non-existent website. Attempts by Internet users in China to reach Google.com resulted in a redirect that took them to a non-functioning Web address in Korea. “Never before have so many people been affected by a decision to block a website,” GreatFire said.

Earlier this year Google CEO Eric Schmidt predicted that China’s Internet firewall was destined to fall under increasing pressure from the country’s online users. And in a recent interview in Foreign Policy magazine he noted that China is “the only government that’s engaged in active, dynamic censorship. They’re not shy about it.” He suggested that once China’s censorship policies are swept away, the resulting free-flow of information would result in dramatic political and social changes in the country.

(TheNewAmerican)

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Google accused of spying on Gmail users

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Google isn’t exactly a stranger to allegations that they invade the privacy of their customers, but now the search engine is being asked to explain itself in court over accusations that they snoop through messages sent through its Gmail service. Representatives from Google are asking a federal judge to dismiss a lawsuit waged at the company’s Gmail platform because the plaintiffs in the case cannot explicitly prove that their correspondence is being unlawfully monitored by the email service.

Brad Scott and Todd Harrington are the lead plaintiffs in a case that attempts to call-out the Silicon Valley search engine company as being in violation of California’s Invasion of Privacy Act (CIPA) because they believe Gmail conducts clandestine scans of emails for words and content, intentionally intercepting private communiqué as a result without obtaining the user’s permission. Google, on the other hand, maintains that only computers complete all the legwork and that no humans actually have their eyes on any emails, also insisting that neither Mr. Scott nor Mr. Harrington can back up their claims that any action from Gmail has led to injury.

Google condemned the case this week, Courthouse News reports, arguing by way of a 25-page motion that Gmail scans data sent over its servers using its "fully automated processes involve no human review of any kind" that they insist exists to screen out viruses and spam "for the protection of its users." Now they are asking US District Judge Lucy Koh to dismiss the complaint with prejudice. The plaintiffs say that Google’s actions are enough to land them in court because that conduct constitutes wiretapping and eavesdropping in their eyes, a claim which Google says is “contorting” state law "in ways the California Legislature never intended.”

"In the context of emails, multiple courts have recognized that no one can reasonably expect that the emails they send to others will be free from the automated processing that is normally associated with delivering emails," Google responds to the case with this week’s motion. "Plaintiffs fail to articulate a single concrete injury stemming from the automated processing of emails sent to Gmail users," Google adds. "Plaintiffs instead rely on conclusory allegations that their privacy rights were infringed in the abstract."
Additionally, Google charges that no state statues being called into question applies to the plaintiffs’ allegations, writing in their motion that the terms "electronic communication," "email," "Internet" and "computer" are not included.

"Even if the court were to accept plaintiffs' invitation to judicially rewrite the statute to reach electronic communications, choice of law rules would still preclude applying CIPA to this case," Google’s motion states. "CIPA makes clear on its face that it is intended to protect California residents and not to regulate California businesses," Google adds.

Judge Koh is now expected to hear the motion on March 21, 2013. Meanwhile, congressional Republicans wrote to the White House this week to attack a planned cybersecurity executive order that would allow third-party companies, such as Google, to openly share customer-inputted information with the federal government.

“An executive order exerting influence over critical infrastructure is not just a step in the wrong substantive direction,” the letter reads. “It will almost certainly be exploited by other nations to justify their efforts to regulate the Internet. This is a most critical time, and we cannot afford a hasty, unilateral action that will only serve to bolster the efforts of less democratic nations to stifle the very free exchange of ideas and expression that has allowed the Internet to flourish across the globe. For these reasons, we urge you to rethink the wisdom of an executive order.”

The letter to US President Barack Obama was signed by 11 GOP members of Congress, including US Rep. Fred Upton (R-Michigan), Senator Kelly Ayotte (R-New Hampshire), Senator Marco Rubio (R-Florida) and Senator Mike Lee (R-Utah).

RT

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Google’s Brazil Chief Detained; Court Bans Anti-Islam Video

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SÃO PAULO, Brazil—The country’s Federal Police detained the head of Google Inc.’s Brazilian operations after the company failed to act on an electoral judge’s order to remove videos from its YouTube site criticizing a candidate in a rural state election. Separately, a Brazilian judge ordered Google to remove versions of the “Innocence of the Muslims” video that has sparked deadly riots across the Middle East from Brazilian YouTube within 10 days or face fines. The ruling was in response to a suit brought by a group called the National Union of Islamic Entities, according to court documents.

Google is no stranger to legal challenges to content on its video website. But the twin cases in Brazil may also shine light on the South American nation’s sometimes freewheeling legal system, which has garnered more attention as Brazil’s role in global business grows. The head of Chevron Corp.’s Brazil unit was threatened with arrest and his passport confiscated after a small leak at a Chevron well this year, for example.

Legal analysts say neither Google nor any Chevron executives are likely to set foot in jail in the cases. Experts say Brazil’s appeals process is long and even officials convicted of major white collar crimes are rarely, if ever, jailed. But such jail-time threats could eventually damp enthusiasm for Brazil, even as the country seeks to attract the globe’s blue chip companies, some analysts said. Google, for example, is building offices in one of Brazil’s most expensive buildings in downtown São Paulo.

In the electoral case, Police said Google’s Fabio Jose Silva Coelho was taken to a station in São Paulo, where he gave a deposition and promised to appear at future court dates. They said Mr. Coelho would be released since he wasn’t accused of a major crime. The authorities were acting on a warrant issued by an electoral judge Tuesday. The charge carries the possibility of a year in jail.
After the warrant was issued, Google said it planned an appeal on the grounds that it is not responsible for the content uploaded by users of YouTube. Google didn’t immediately comment further Wednesday.

In the video case, a separate judge said Google will be fined 10,000 Brazilian reais ($4,926) per day if it doesn’t comply with his order. Still, the judge acknowledged the complexity of policing videos on YouTube. The case “creates a clear conflict between freedom of expression and the need to protect individuals and groups against protests that could induce or incite religious discrimination,” the judge said in his decision.

WSJ

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Google forced to pay $22million fine for ‘spying on web users’ – but REFUSES to admit they were wrong

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The Federal Trade Commission has ordered Google to pay $22.5 million for violating user privacy on its Apple's Safari browser. It's the biggest FTC fine ever issued for a commission violation.

The federal agency found that Google had been tracking "cookies" on Google sites for Apple Safari users. It was also sending targeted ads to those users, which violated another settlement between the FTC and the search-engine giant.

Google claimed that a tweak in Apple's browser caused an unintentional violation, but the FTC was not swayed by such an argument.

"A company like Google, which is a steward of information for hundreds of millions of people has to do better," David Vladeck, the FTC director of the Bureau of Consumer Protection, told reporters on a conference call following the announcement.

The potential privacy violation was first detected by Jonathan Mayer, a Standford University graduate student, who realized that Google was still tracking his cookies, even though he had tried to block it.

"This seems to be the kind of thing the company shouldn't be doing," Mayer told ABC News in February.

As a result of this and other violations, a "Do Not Track," or DNT, setting had been added to various browsers, including Mozilla's Firefox, Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari. Still, with this particular violation, the FTC charged that during 2011 and 2012, Google had been tracking Safari users -- on Macs, iPhones and iPads -- who had opted out of such tracking, as a result of default settings in the browser.

Google has not admitted to violating the law. "The complaint is not a finding or ruling that the defendant has actually violated the law. This consent order is for settlement purposes only and does not constitute an admission by the defendant that the law has been violated," the FTC said in a news release.

A Google spokesperson held to that as well. "We set the highest standards of privacy and security for our users. The FTC is focused on a 2009 help center page published more than two years before our consent decree, and a year before Apple changed its cookie-handling policy," the spokesperson told ABC News. "We have now changed that page and taken steps to remove the ad cookies, which collected no personal information, from Apple's browsers."

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Google and Apple to spy from the sky

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Dreaming of an attic window? Enjoy sunbathing naked in your high-fenced backyard? Now, you may have to think twice before getting exposed, even in the privacy of your property, as Google and Apple take to the skies with high-precision cameras.


­Google has sent the planes over cities; Apple has acquired a firm using spy-in-the-sky technology – the two giants seem to be serious about this race to create the most-detailed aerial maps of populated areas ever. In fact, these maps are expected to be so detailed they can reveal objects only four inches wide, reports Britain’s Daily Mail.


Apple is expected to unveil its new mapping applications for iPhone and other devices as the company kicks off a big week for product announcements in San Francisco on Monday. Its 3D maps will reportedly show, for the first time, the sides of tall buildings, such as London’s Big Ben tower. Previously, Apple used Google’s mapping services on its devices, but changed the strategy when it purchased 3D-mapping company C3 Technologies last year. This firm relies on technology developed by Swedish aerospace and defence company Saab AB.


And yet, no matter how advantageous such prospective technological developments may be, they are also seen as a potential threat to people’s privacy and could be used for sinister purposes. “The next generation of maps is taking us over the garden fence,” warns Nick Pickles, director of Big Brother Watch – a UK-based campaign group for civil liberties and protecting privacy. “You won’t be able to sunbathe in your garden without worrying about an Apple or Google plane buzzing overhead taking pictures.”


It is not yet known what kind of technology is behind the aerial photography, but Google’s 3D maps are expected to be much more detailed than its Google Earth images taken from satellites. As for Apple, its military-grade cameras are thought to be powerful enough to see into homes through skylights and windows. The technology is believed to be similar to that used by intelligence services for tracking and identifying terrorists.


Google says it should have 3D coverage of towns and cities with a combined population of 300 million by the end of the year. C3 Technologies had already mapped 20 cities, and this number will continue to grow. Google’s planes are reportedly able to photograph some 40 square miles every hour. The company says they will be flying too quickly and too high to be able to access unsecured domestic WiFi networks, and therefore will not be able to gather private information, which is was discovered doing when compiling Google StreetVIew. 


Google does pixelate faces and car number plates that appear on its maps, but faced criticism on a number of occasions when it failed to do so. Nick Pickles says Google and Apple should seek householders’ consent before putting images of their homes online in high resolution. If the companies fail to do so, they should be prepared for quite a backlash.

(RT)

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